Methodology in TESOL in Different Perspectives highlights the characteristics of each type of teaching methodology based on its root. Behaviorist-based TESOL methodologies such as the audio-lingual method and Situational Language Teaching characterize language learning through imitation, repetition, and reinforcement. Cognitivist-based TESOL methodologies emphasize language learning through conscious and active process such as analyzing the language based on its grammar. Humanist-based TESOL methodologies focus on engaging learners as a whole, their cognitive and affective factors. They prioritize their needs and interests and foster an empathetic learning environment. Constructivist-based TESOL methodologies focus on learners who are active in developing language through experiences and interactions.
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