This book is presented as a practical and conceptual response to that challenge. It is intended to support teachers, school leaders, studentteachers, and education practitioners in understanding, planning, and implementing HOTSoriented assessment in primary schools in a systematic and realistic way. The chapters in this book discuss the foundations of HOTS, the characteristics of HOTSbased assessment, curriculum and policy links, planning strategies, test and nontest assessment instruments, the use of technology, as well as item analysis, feedback, and models of best practice that have been tested in various contexts. Through this structure, the book aims to bridge the gap between theoretical discourse on HOTS and the practical needs of classroom teachers who must design and use assessments in real conditions, often with limited time and resources.
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