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Mapping The Umrah Industry In Indonesia: A Structure–Conduct–Performance Perspective

This book gives a clear, practice-grounded view of the Umrah travel ecosystem through exploring how the market operates. It offers a clear and practical picture: how the market is structured and regulated across different regions and regulatory environments, how travel agencies actually behave and compete; and what those choices mean for performance—economically and for pilgrim welfare. You’ll see how a high-rivalry, tightly guided industry has become even more digitally governed.

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